{"id":4545,"date":"2017-01-21T14:59:44","date_gmt":"2017-01-21T11:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/?p=4545"},"modified":"2026-03-27T16:01:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T13:01:27","slug":"middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"Middle Eastern Debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion in 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomson Reuters, the world&#8217;s leading source of intelligent information for businesses and professionals, today released the annual investment banking analysis for the Middle East region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>According to estimates from Thomson Reuters \/ Freeman Consulting, Middle Eastern investment banking fees reached US$820.8&nbsp;million during 2016, an 18% increase compared to fees recorded during 2015 and the highest annual fee total in the region since 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Nadim Najjar, Managing Director, MENA, Thomson Reuters, said: \u201cBolstered by Saudi Arabia\u2019s US$17.2 billion bond sale in October, Middle Eastern debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion during 2016, a 145% increase compared to the value raised during 2015 and by far the highest annual total in the region since records began in 1980.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Saudi Arabia was the most active nation in the Middle East accounting for 29% of overall activity, followed by United Arab Emirates and Qatar.&nbsp; International Islamic debt issuance increased 24% year-on-year to reach US$37.9 billion during 2016.&nbsp; HSBC took the top spot in the Middle Eastern bond ranking during 2016 with 13.3% share of the market, while CIMB Group took the top spot for Islamic DCM issuance with a 13.5% share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u201cThe value of announced M&amp;A transactions with any Middle Eastern involvement reached US$46.9 billion during 2016, 16% less than the value recorded during 2015 and the lowest annual total in the region since 2013. Middle Eastern equity and equity-related issuance totalled US$2.6 billion during 2016, a 55% decline year-on-year and the lowest annual issuance total in the region since 2004,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>In respect to investment banking fees,&nbsp;syndicated lending fees increased 50% year-on-year to US$444.0 million, a nine-year high, while debt capital markets fees more than doubled to US$134.1 million.&nbsp; Fees generated from completed M&amp;A transactions totalled US$200.9 million during 2016, a 20% decrease compared to 2015 and the lowest annual total for M&amp;A fees in the region since 2012.&nbsp; Equity capital markets underwriting fees declined 51% to US$41.8 million, a 12-year low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Syndicated lending fees accounted for 54% of the overall Middle Eastern investment banking fee pool, the highest annual share since 2004. &nbsp;Completed M&amp;A advisory fees accounted for 24% of fees in the region, while debt and equity capital markets underwriting fees accounted for 16% and 5%, respectively.<br>HSBC earned the most investment banking fees in the Middle East during 2016, a total of US$43.4 million for a 5.3% share of the total fee pool.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rothschild topped the completed M&amp;A fee rankings with 16.0% of advisory fees, while HSBC was first for DCM underwriting.&nbsp; ECM underwriting was lead by Sambacapital with US$13.0 million in ECM fees, or 31% share.&nbsp; Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group took the top spot in the Middle Eastern syndicated loans fee ranking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As for M&amp;A deals, the US$14.1 billion merger of National Bank of Abu Dhabi&nbsp;and&nbsp;First Gulf Bank was the largest deal to be announced in the region during 2016, it is the largest domestic Middle Eastern deal of all time.&nbsp; Boosted by this deal, domestic and inter-Middle Eastern M&amp;A increased 151% year-on-year to US$22.0 billion.&nbsp;Outbound M&amp;A activity fell 24% from 2015 to reach US$14.7 billion.&nbsp; Overseas acquisitions by Qatar accounted for 33% of Middle Eastern outbound M&amp;A activity, while acquisitions by companies based in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates accounted for 28% and 20%, respectively.&nbsp; Inbound M&amp;A fell 30% to US$4.0 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Financials was the most active sector, accounting for 35% of Middle Eastern involvement M&amp;A, followed by Energy &amp; Power and Real Estate. UBS, which advised the Abu Dhabi banking merger with Credit Suisse, topped the 2016 announced any Middle Eastern involvement M&amp;A league table.&nbsp; Credit Suisse ranked second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>In respect to Equity Capital Markets,&nbsp;eight initial public offerings raised US$891.7 million and accounted for 35% of 2016 ECM activity in the region.&nbsp; Follow-on offerings accounted for the remaining 65% of activity.&nbsp;Emirates NBD took first place in the 2016 Middle Eastern ECM ranking with 32% market share.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomson Reuters, the world&#8217;s leading source of intelligent information for businesses and professionals, today released the annual investment banking analysis for the Middle East region. According to estimates from Thomson Reuters \/ Freeman Consulting, Middle Eastern investment banking fees reached US$820.8&nbsp;million during 2016, an 18% increase compared to fees recorded during 2015 and the highest [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_pr_autopilot_social_copy":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph_description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph_image":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph_image_id":0,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter_description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter_image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter_image_id":0,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":24,"_extra_hide_author_box":"1","_extra_featured_post":"","_partner_post_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Saudishopper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SaudiShopper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"832\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"490\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"saudishopper\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ssict\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ssict\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"saudishopper\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"saudishopper\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75f95b68a450c611a56cdd18d6b2c667\"},\"headline\":\"Middle Eastern Debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion in 2016\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":649,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/12\\\/thomson-reuters.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Economy &amp; Business\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2017\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/\",\"name\":\"Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/12\\\/thomson-reuters.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/12\\\/thomson-reuters.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/12\\\/thomson-reuters.jpg\",\"width\":832,\"height\":490},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Middle Eastern Debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion in 2016\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Saudishopper\",\"description\":\"Saudi ICT Shopper News\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Saudi ICT News\",\"alternateName\":\"Saudi ICT Shopper News\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/SSTrans.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/SSTrans.png\",\"width\":423,\"height\":165,\"caption\":\"Saudi ICT News\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/SaudiShopper\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/ssict\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/75f95b68a450c611a56cdd18d6b2c667\",\"name\":\"saudishopper\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g\",\"caption\":\"saudishopper\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/saudishopper.com.sa\\\/en\\\/author\\\/saudishopper\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper","description":"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper","og_description":"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.","og_url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/","og_site_name":"Saudishopper","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SaudiShopper","article_published_time":"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":832,"height":490,"url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"saudishopper","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ssict","twitter_site":"@ssict","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"saudishopper","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/"},"author":{"name":"saudishopper","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/75f95b68a450c611a56cdd18d6b2c667"},"headline":"Middle Eastern Debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion in 2016","datePublished":"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/"},"wordCount":649,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg","articleSection":["Economy &amp; Business"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2017","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/","url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/","name":"Middle Eastern debt - US$77.8B issued in 2016 | Saudi Shopper","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg","datePublished":"2017-01-21T11:59:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-27T13:01:27+00:00","description":"Middle Eastern debt issuance hit US$77.8 billion in 2016. See key Thomson Reuters findings on fees and investment banking growth.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/thomson-reuters.jpg","width":832,"height":490},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/middle-eastern-debt-issuance-reached-us77-8-billion-in-2016\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Middle Eastern Debt issuance reached US$77.8 billion in 2016"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/","name":"Saudishopper","description":"Saudi ICT Shopper News","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#organization","name":"Saudi ICT News","alternateName":"Saudi ICT Shopper News","url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/SSTrans.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/SSTrans.png","width":423,"height":165,"caption":"Saudi ICT News"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SaudiShopper","https:\/\/x.com\/ssict"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/75f95b68a450c611a56cdd18d6b2c667","name":"saudishopper","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b02621f0881cdcf27f6e1ea0dd3fac1d5934209dcb8becac4f4fffe5abf17ea?s=96&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsaudishopper.com.sa%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2Fcropped-ss-icon--150x150.png&r=g","caption":"saudishopper"},"url":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/author\/saudishopper\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63120,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions\/63120"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saudishopper.com.sa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}